Diagnosing Plant Diseases – Part IV of IV– Wood and Roots
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By Agnes Farside
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In Parts I, II, and III of Diagnosing Plant Diseases I covered a few diseases that can be identified from observing plant leaves, trunks, branches, stems, and the vascular system. Although it was not an exhaustive list, it covered the more common diseases found in the area I live, the Midwest. Part IV covers diseases, hosts, symptoms, and controls found through the observation of wood and roots of plants. (This is not an exhaustive list.)
Wood Decays and Rots
Any tree that has been wounded or has dead wood can be host to over 1,000 fungi that can cause wood rot and decay. Wood rot and decay can be identified through the overall appearance of the tree in that it appears weak, and branches break off easily. In advanced stages of plant decay, fruiting bodies, in the form of bracket fungi, hoof-type fungi, or toadstools may appear on the tree itself or the surrounding ground. To control wood decay and rot, avoid wounding the tree during pruning. Keep the tree well watered during dry spells and only plant trees hardy to your zone. If need be, have the plant examined by an expert to determine extent of disease to prevent possible damage to surrounding buildings and people.
Root Rots
There are many fungi that can produce root rot in seedlings, flowers (annuals and perennials), fruits, and vegetables, with the most noted being Phyophthora, Fusarium, Pythium, and Rhizoctonia. Symptoms and severity of root rot vary by type of plant. Plants may grow slowly, appear stunted, foliage may change color and drop from plant. Some fungi will change the color of the plant root to a reddish brown while others will be black and wet or slimy looking. Careful inspection of roots is needed as this disease is often confused with others, such as those caused by an insect infestation or poor drainage. Control involves planting health plants from a reliable dealer. Proper drainage, plant rotation, and some fungicides will also help. Always remove infected plants promptly to prevent spread of the disease.
Collar Rot
There are many trees that are host to this fungus, which usually starts below the soil line. Discoloration and rot of the wood are the first noticeable symptoms, along with cankers, that grow and become darken and sunken. Girdling occurs and the foliage turns from green to brown. Collar Rot can be confused with other canker disease so close observation is needed. This disease is hard to control due to the erratic outbreaks. Poor growing conditions, such as excessive water, are often blamed for this disease. Ensure that the plant is placed in the correct area that provides the right type of soil, water, and sunlight. Water properly during dry spells, add fertilizer when needed, and remove dead wood.
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Author Bio Box: Agnes Farside
 http://www.associatedcontent.com/user/110407/agnes_farside.html
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